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41.
胎儿头面部异常,是较为常见的结构异常。文章就常见的胎儿头面异常,包括唇腭裂、小颌畸形、耳郭畸形、巨舌症、眼畸形、颈项透明层增厚和颈部淋巴水囊瘤的分型与发生率、影像学诊断、病因、临床处理及预后分别进行论述,为临床决策和咨询提供参考。 相似文献
42.
《Injury》2023,54(7):110767
AimThis network meta-analysis aims to compare functional outcomes and complications between conservative treatment and surgery for distal radius fractures in patients aged 60 years and over.MethodsWe searched the PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science databases for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) assessing the effect of conservative treatment and surgery for distal radius fractures in patients aged 60 years and over. Primary outcomes included grip strength and overall complications. Secondary outcomes included Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (DASH) scores, Patient-Rated Wrist Evaluation (PRWE) scores, wrist range of motion and forearm rotation, and radiographic assessment. All continuous outcomes were assessed using standardized mean differences (SMDs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs), and binary outcomes were assessed using odds ratio (OR) with 95% CIs. The surface under the cumulative ranking curve (SUCRA) was used to determine a hierarchy of treatments. Cluster analysis was performed for grouping treatments based on the SUCRA values of primary outcomes.ResultsFourteen RCTs were included to compare conservative treatment, volar lockedplate (VLP), K-wires fixation, and external-fixation. VLP outperformed conservative treatment for 1-year and minimum 2-year grip strength (SMD; 0.28 [0.07 to 0.48] and 0.27 [0.02 to 0.53], respectively). VLP yielded the optimal grip strength at 1-year and minimum 2-year follow-up (SUCRA; 89.8% and 86.7%, respectively). In a subgroup analysis of patients aged 60 to 80 years old, VLP outperformed conservative treatment in DASH and PRWE scores (SMD, 0.33 [0.10, 0.56] and 0.23 [0.01, 0.45], respectively). In addition, VLP had the fewest complications (SUCRA = 84.3%). Cluster analysis suggested that VLP and K-wire fixation were more effective treatment groups.ConclusionEvidence to date demonstrates that VLP provides measurable benefits in grip strength and fewer complications to those 60 years of age and over, and that benefit is not reflected in current practice guidelines. There is a subgroup of patients where K-wire fixation outcomes are similar to those of VLP; defining this subgroup may yield substantial societal benefits. 相似文献
43.
44.
目的 观察超声引导下关节腔内注射重组人Ⅱ型肿瘤坏死因子受体-抗体融合蛋白(益赛普)治疗血友病性关节病(HA)的价值。方法 回顾性分析32例接受超声引导下穿刺关节腔注射益赛普的HA患者,对比观察治疗前及治疗后1个月血友病关节健康评分(HJHS)、视觉模拟评分(VAS),以及超声所示目标关节增生滑膜厚度、血流信号、Melchiorre及中国早期血友病性关节病超声检测(HEAD-US-C)评分,评估其治疗价值。结果 对32例均成功完成超声引导下穿刺关节腔及腔内注射益赛普,共对18例膝关节、7例肘关节及7例踝关节进行治疗。术后未出现感染、出血等并发症。治疗后1个月,目标关节HJHS、VAS、Melchiorre评分、HEAD-US-C评分及增生滑膜最大厚度、平均厚度、血流信号均低于治疗前(P均<0.01)。结论 超声引导下关节腔内注射益赛普治疗HA安全、有效。 相似文献
45.
丁晨云 《实用中西医结合临床》2022,22(7)
脑梗死是缺血性卒中之一,随着人口老龄化发展趋势,目前已越居我国居民致残和死亡的首要病因。中医药治疗脑梗死有着重要特色和优势,目前在医学领域中仍占着不可动摇的地位,现就针对古代医家及近现代医家对中风病中医病因病机认识,以及中医药治疗方面针对经典方、经验方、中成药、中医外治等方面进行总结综述。 相似文献
46.
《Vaccine》2022,40(15):2274-2281
We evaluated compliance to the ACIP pneumococcal vaccination recommendations issued in 2014 for adults aged ≥ 65 years and in 2012 for adults with high-risk (HR) conditions. The MarketScan® Commercial and Medicare Supplemental databases (January 2007-June 2019) were used to identify the cohorts of interest. Analyses for adults aged ≥ 65 years were adjusted to account for missing vaccination history. Two HR cohorts were identified. The HR1 cohort included patients with immunocompromising conditions, functional or anatomic asplenia, cerebrospinal fluid leak, or cochlear implant. The HR2 cohort included patients with chronic heart, lung, or liver disease; diabetes mellitus; alcoholism; cirrhosis; or cigarette smoking. Full compliance for those aged ≥ 65 years or in the HR1 cohort was defined as receipt of PCV13 and PPSV23, and partial compliance was defined as receipt of PCV13 or PPSV23. For those in the HR2 cohort, full compliance was defined as receipt of PPSV23. Annual compliance rates were estimated using the Kaplan–Meier method.Among those aged ≥ 65 years, partial compliance at 4 years post index was 53% and full compliance was 17% in adjusted analyses. In subjects ≥ 65 years receiving the first vaccination, 42% received the second vaccination by year 4. For the HR1 cohort, partial compliance was 19% and full compliance was 5% at 6 years post index date. For the HR2 cohort, full compliance was 20% at 6 years, with the highest rate in patients with diabetes (27%) and the lowest rate in patients with alcoholism (8%).Additional efforts are needed to maximize compliance to the ACIP pneumococcal vaccine recommendations among adults ≥ 65 years of age and adults with HR conditions including streamlined recommendations and single-dose vaccines. These efforts may subsequently reduce the incidence and burden of pneumococcal disease. 相似文献
47.
《Seminars in perinatology》2022,46(7):151635
The Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Neonatal Research Network (NRN) maintains a database of extremely preterm infants known as the Generic Database (GDB). Begun in 1987, this database now includes more than 91,000 infants, most of whom are extremely preterm (<29 weeks gestation). The GDB has been the backbone of the NRN, providing high quality, prospectively collected data to study the changing epidemiology of extreme prematurity and its outcomes over time. In addition, GDB data have been used to generate hypotheses for prospective studies and to develop new clinical trials by providing information about the numbers and characteristics of available subjects and the expected event rates for conditions and complications to be studied. Since its inception, the GDB has been the basis of more than 200 publications in peer-reviewed journals, many of which have had a significant impact on the field of neonatology. 相似文献
48.
21世纪的日本"少子高龄化"特征明显,发展居家安宁疗护、构建完备的居家安宁疗护服务体系,是日本卫生服务提供体制改革的重要方向。本文介绍了日本居家安宁疗护的含义与理念,以及关于居家安宁疗护服务提供机构、提供人员、提供内容及费用保障的法律规定,提示我国在条件成熟时应尽快健全安宁疗护相关立法,在卫生服务提供体系框架下实现居家安宁疗护的稳定发展,建立并强化安宁疗护过程中的协作机制,并为居家安宁疗护提供必要的经费保障,通过完善的制度设计保障老年人"居家善终"的权益。 相似文献
49.
目的 基于网络药理学研究香菇多糖抑制三阴乳腺癌(TNBC)的作用机制并采用细胞和动物实验进行验证。方法 通过GeneCards数据库和DisGeNET数据库筛选与TNBC相关基因靶点,利用TCMID、PubChem、SwissTargetPrediction和GeneCards数据库查询香菇多糖相关基因靶点。使用Sangerbox软件进行基因本体论(GO)富集和京都基因与基因组百科全书(KEGG)通路富集分析。结合STRING数据库与Cytoscape 3.7.0软件将共同靶点进行可视化处理,筛选核心靶点,构建"化合物-靶点-通路"网络。利用Metascape软件进行转录因子及相关调控基因特异富集。体外培养小鼠TNBC细胞4T1和人TNBC细胞MDA-MB-231,磺酰罗丹明B染色法观察香菇多糖(31.25、62.5、125、250、500、1 000μg·mL-1)对细胞存活率的影响;健康雌性BABLC小鼠sc接种1×106个4T1-Luc细胞构建TNBC模型,通过小动物活体成像系统观察香菇多糖(100、200 mg·kg-1)对肿瘤生长的影响,实时荧光定量PCR (qRT-PCR)技术检测肿瘤组织信号转导和转录活化因子3(STAT3)和血管内皮生长因子A (VEGFA) mRNA表达。结果 数据库及软件分析得到香菇多糖治疗TNBC关键靶点52个,靶点主要涉及PI3K-Akt、AGE-RAGE、HIF-1、MAPK信号通路和肿瘤蛋白多糖相关通路,PPI分析得到VEGFA、STAT3、MAPK1、IL2、TNF、RELA、AKT1、MAPK3、BCL2L1和HSP90AA1 10个hub基因。与对照组比较,香菇多糖对4T1和MDA-MB-231细胞存活率均有显著抑制作用(P<0.05、0.01),且作用呈浓度相关性;在给药14、21d后,与模型组比较,香菇多糖能够剂量相关性地抑制小鼠TNBC肿瘤的生长,高剂量组差异显著(P<0.05、0.01),21 d抑制率达到(91.9±4.7)%;与对照组比较,香菇多糖给药后能够剂量相关性抑制STAT3和VEGFA的mRNA表达,高剂量组差异显著(P<0.05、0.01)。结论 香菇多糖可通过多靶点、多途径协同作用抑制TNBC的生长。 相似文献
50.
《Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal》2022,30(12):1791-1801
Noscapine hydrochloride (benzyl-isoquinoline antitussive alkaloid) is an opium derivative and generally used as a cough suppressant. Numerous studies on noscapine hydrochloride have reported that it has potent anti-inflammatory activity. However, the mechanisms by which it exerts an anti-inflammatory function is not well understood. Protein denaturation is the primary step that leads to the organ destruction and permanent arthritic disability. The above-mentioned facts provided the ground to plan this study using different in-vitro and in-vivo approaches. RT-qPCR and ELISA assays were used to assess the inflammatory markers related to protein denaturation in complete adjuvant persuaded rheumatism in Sprague - Dawley rats. The results were collected as paw volume and body weight changes, arthritic scoring and serum antioxidant enzymes assays. These findings demonstrated that all doses of noscapine hydrochloride (10, 20 and 40 mg/kg) studied in this study, significantly (p < 0.001) decreased the protein denaturation by preventing the increase in levels of interleukin-1β (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), nuclear factor-kB (NF-kB), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and prostaglandin E2. Noscapine hydrochloride significantly reduced the paw volume (p < 0.001), arthritic scoring and reversed the body mass as compared to arthritic control diseased rats. 相似文献